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Colombian armed conflict summary9/23/2023 Mass displacement surged, driven by the compounding effects of extreme poverty, corruption, pervasive gang violence and natural disasters.Īrmed conflicts in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras in 2021 were all related to gang violence. In Haiti the assassination of the president deepened political instability. In addition, hundreds of smaller gangs and factions were involved in crime and violence, and there were widespread human rights violations by state forces. Three NIACs existed in Mexico: between the government and the Sinaloa Cartel between the government and the Jalisco Cartel New Generation (Cártel Jalisco Nueva Generación, CJNG) and between the two rival cartels. There were three multilateral peace operations active in the Americas in 2021: two in Colombia and one in Haiti. Six additional countries in the Americas-Brazil, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras and Venezuela-experienced high levels of armed violence in 2021 and were also defined by SIPRI as having armed conflicts on the basis of the number of battle-related fatalities involved. Several armed conflicts meeting the non-international armed conflict (NIAC) threshold under international law were active in Colombia and Mexico.
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